综述概要
镁及镁合金的重要性越来越受到全球的广泛关注,全球镁及镁合金研究者的人数大幅度增加。过去十多年来,全球镁合金研究学者通力协作,致力于拓展镁合金的大规模产业化应用,解决镁合金强度偏低、塑性较差、耐蚀性较差、加工变形困难、降解速率快、充放电窗口较窄等问题,已经取得了一系列重要进展。例如,开发了一批强度大于500MPa,塑性高于30%的高性能镁合金。尽管如此,镁合金的大规模应用依然面临着强塑性难以平衡和制备加工难带来的挑战。
重庆大学潘复生院士团队与加拿大陈道伦院士总结了近两年来镁及镁合金在铸造镁合金、变形镁合金、镁基功能材料、镁合金制备加工技术、镁合金腐蚀与防护、镁合金国际标准方面的重要进展,指出了目前镁合金研究还存在的问题和挑战,为今后镁合金的发展方向提出了具体建议。
该综述发表在《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》2020年第8卷第1期: [1] J. Song, J. She, D. Chen, F. Pan, Latest research advances on magnesium and magnesium alloys worldwide, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 8(1) (2020) 1-41.
近两年来,高性能铸造镁合金、高性能变形镁合金、镁基复合材料、先进铸造技术、先进加工技术和镁基功能材料(如镁离子电池、储氢镁材料、生物镁合金等)取得了重要进展。重庆大学、上海交通大学、中国科学院、亥姆霍兹研究所、昆士兰大学、布鲁内尔大学等为新型镁合金及其制备加工技术的发展做出了重要贡献。本文旨在总结2018-2019两年全球范围内,铸造镁合金、变形镁合金和镁基功能材料领域在新材料开发及制备加工技术创新的重要进展。此外,在总结镁合金研究目前存在问题和挑战的基础上,提出了今后的研究方向,包括进一步开发低成本、高强、高塑性、高耐蚀镁合金,加强相图、扩散、析出相等方面的基础研究,以及发展先进焊接和连接技术。
In the past two years, significant progresses have been achieved in high-performance cast and wrought magnesium and magnesium alloys,magnesium-based composites, advanced cast technologies, advanced processing technologies, and functional magnesium materials, such asMg ion batteries, hydrogen storage Mg materials, bio-magnesium alloys, etc. Great contributions to the development of new magnesium alloysand their processing technologies have been made by Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Queensland University, Brunel University, etc. This review paper is aimed to summarize the latest importantadvances in cast magnesium alloys, wrought magnesium alloys and functional magnesium materials worldwide in 2018–2019, including boththe development of new materials and the innovation of their processing technologies. Based on the issues and challenges identified here,some future research directions are suggested, including further development of high-performance magnesium alloys having high strengthand superior plasticity together with high corrosion resistance and low cost, and fundamental research on the phase diagram, diffusion,precipitation, etc., as well as the development of advanced welding and joining technology.